ans. of Quiz 7

1. Discuss the components required for successful communications.

• Computer communications describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information. Successful communications requires a sending device that initiates a transmission instruction, a communications device that connects the sending device to a communications channel, acommunications channel on which the data travels, a communications device that connects the communications channel to a receiving device, and a receiving device that accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or information.

2. Identify various sending and receiving devices.

• Sending device initiates the transmission of data, instructions, and information while a receiving device accepts the items transmitted.Micrucomputers, minicomputersand mainframes all can serve as sending and receiving devices.

3. Describe uses of computer communications.

• Computer and Communications networks are key infrastructures of the information society with high socio-economic value as they contribute to the correct operations of many critical services (from healthcare to finance and transportation). Internet is the core of today's computer-communication infrastructures. This has transformed the Internet, from a robust network for data transfer between computers, to a global, content-rich, communication and information system where contents are increasingly generated by the users, and distributed according to human social relations.

• Computer Communications is a peer-reviewed international journal that publishes high-quality scientific articles (both theory and practice) and survey papers covering all aspects of future computer communication networks (on all layers, except the physical layer), with a special attention to the evolution of the Internet architecture, protocols, services, and applications.

                                                                                                                                                                                    

4. List advantages of using a network.

• Speed. Sharing and transferring files within Networks are very rapid. thus saving time, while maintaining the integrity of the files.
• Cost. Individually licensed copies of many popular software programs can be costly. Networkable versions are available at considerable savings. Shared programs, on a network allows for easier upgrading of the program on one single file server, instead of upgrading individual workstation.
• Security. Sensitive files and programs on a network are passwords protected or designated as "copy inhibit," so that you do not have to worry about illegal copying of programs.
• Centralized Software Management. Software can be loaded on one computer (the file server) eliminating that need to spend time and energy installing updates and tracking files on independent computers throughout the building.
• Resource Sharing. Resource such as, printer, fax machines and modems can be shared.
• Electronic Mail. E-mail aids in personal and professional communication Electronic mail on a LAN can enable staff to communicate within the building having to leave their desk.
• Flexible Access. Access their files from computers throughout the firm.
• Work group Computing. Workgroup software (such as Microsoft BackOffice) allows many users to work on a document or project concurrently.
• A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media. Advantages of using a network include facilitating communications, sharing hardware, sharing data and information, sharing software, and transferring funds.

5. Differentiate among client/server, peer-to-peer, and P2P networks.

• A server a computer program running to serve the needs or requests of other programs (referred to in this context as "clients") which may or may not be running on the same computer. Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the application.

6. Describe the various network communications standards.

• Network communication standards are certain rules and specifications framed by standard organizations for manufacturing network hardware and developing network software.

7. Explain the purpose of communications software.

9. Describe commonly used communications devices.


10. Discuss different ways to set up a home network.